Barriers and Strategies for Native American Student Enrollment in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Literature

Abstract

Native American student enrollment in both graduate and undergraduate programs is low. This article explores the barriers to Native American student enrollment in higher education through a systematic review of the existing literature from 2019-2024. The article further aims to identify strategies from the existing literature that colleges and universities can take to improve Native American graduate and undergraduate student enrollment. The findings are applicable to graduate, undergraduate, online, and on-campus programs. An analysis of the literature indicated that geographic location, financial concerns, and a need for community were barriers for Native American students. Native American students are often from rural areas. They may struggle with the social and economic barriers of rural life and with leaving the community of their tribe to seek education. The key strategies that were identified among the literature for improving enrollment for Native American graduate and undergraduate students at colleges and universities were a) to provide increased student support services, b) to improve Native American students’ sense of presence and community on campus, c) to offer more online courses and degree programs, and d) to establish partnerships with Native American tribes in order to expand student opportunities for practicums and work placement. These barriers may also be concerns for graduate and undergraduate students from a variety of different backgrounds, such as adult learners. Implementing these strategies can help colleges and universities create a holistic approach to education that would benefit many graduate and undergraduate students.